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font-weight: bold;">X-31 EFMD</span><br /> <a href="#specs">Specifications</a> | <a href="#achievements">Achievements</a> | <a href="#features">Features</a> | <a href="#background">Background</a> | <a href="#photos">Photos</a><br /> <hr style="width: 300px;" /><br /> <img ondblclick='addtoFavs()' src='https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_4.jpg' width='400' alt='X-31 EFMD' title='X-31 EFMD' /><hr style="width: 90%;" /> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END HEADER--> <!--BEGIN SPECIFICATIONS--> <div style="text-align: center; width: 570px;"> <a id='specs'></a> <div style="background-color: #000077; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;">X-31 EFMD Specifications</span> </div> <div style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <table border='0' cellspacing='3' cellpadding='1' style='width: 100%;' class='reg1'> <tr> <td><b>Primary Function:</b></td> <td>Experimental Aircraft</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Contractor:</b></td> <td>Rockwell, North American Aircraft, Deutsche Aerospace</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Crew:</b></td> <td>One</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Unit Cost:</b></td> <td><i>N/A</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' style='background-color: #88BBFF;'><b>Powerplant</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>One General Electic F404-GE-400 at 16,000 lb of thrust</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' style='background-color: #88BBFF;'><b>Dimensions</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Length:</b></td> <td>43ft 3in</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wingspan:</b></td> <td>23ft 8in</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Height:</b></td> <td>14ft 5in</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' style='background-color: #88BBFF;'><b>Weights</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Empty:</b></td> <td>10,212 lb</td> </tr> <tr> <td style='width: 125px;'><b>Maximum Takeoff:</b></td> <td>16,100 lb -- gross</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' style='background-color: #88BBFF;'><b>Performance</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Speed:</b></td> <td>More than mach 1.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ceiling:</b></td> <td>over 40,000 ft</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Range:</b></td> <td><i>N/A</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' style='background-color: #88BBFF;'><b>Armament</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="reg1" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#top">^ Top ^</a> </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END SPECIFICATIONS--> <!--BEGIN ACHIEVEMENTS--> <div style="text-align: center; width: 570px;"> <a id='achievements'></a> <div style="background-color: #000077; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;">X-31 EFMD Achievements</span> </div> <div class="reg1p5" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <ul style='margin-bottom:0px;'> <li>The X-31 provided information for proceeding with the designs of the next generation highly maneuverable fighters.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reg1" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#top">^ Top ^</a> </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END ACHIEVEMENTS--> <!--BEGIN FEATURES--> <div style="text-align: center; width: 570px;"> <a id='features'></a> <div style="float: left; width: 400px; background-color: #000077; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;">X-31 EFMD Features</span> </div> <div id="featNav" class="reg4" style="float: left; width: 150px; background-color: #000077; text-align: right; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;"> </span> </div> <div id="featContent" class="reg1p5" style="position: relative; clear: both; background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <p>Three thrust vectoring paddles made of graphite epoxy and mounted on the X-31's aft fuselage were directed into the engine exhaust plume to provide control in pitch (up and down) and yaw (right and left) to improve maneuverability. The paddles sustained temperatures of up to 1,500 degrees centigrade for extended periods of time. In addition, the X-31s was configured with movable forward canards, wing control surfaces, and fixed aft strakes. The canards are small wing-like structures located just aft of the nose, set on a line parallel to the wing between the nose and the leading edge of the wing.</p> <div style='text-align: center;'>Source: <a href='http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/PAO/PAIS/HTML/FS-009-DFRC.html'>http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov</a></div> <br /> </div> <div class="reg1" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#top">^ Top ^</a> </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END FEATURES--> <!--BEGIN BACKGROUND--> <div style="text-align: center; width: 570px;"> <a id='background'></a> <div style="float: left; width: 400px; background-color: #000077; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;">X-31 EFMD Background</span> </div> <div id="bgNav" class="reg4" style="float: left; width: 150px; background-color: #000077; text-align: right; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span style="color: #ffffff;"> </span> </div> <div id="bgContent" class="reg1p5" style="position: relative; clear: both; background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <p>The X-31 flight test program was conducted by an international test organization (ITO) managed by the Advanced Research Projects Office (ARPA), known as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Office (DARPA) before March 1993. The ITO included the U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force, Rockwell Aerospace, the Federal Republic of Germany, Daimler-Benz (formerly Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm and Deutsche Aerospace), and NASA. Gary Trippensee was the ITO director and NASA Project Manager. Pilots came from participating organizations.</p> <p>The X-31 program demonstrated the value of using thrust vectoring (directing engine exhaust flow) coupled with advanced flight control systems, to provide controlled flight to very high angles of attack. The result was a significant advantage over conventional fighters in a close-in combat situation. </p> <div style='text-align: center;'>Source: <a href='http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/PAO/PAIS/HTML/FS-009-DFRC.html'>http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov</a></div> <br /> </div> <div class="reg1" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#top">^ Top ^</a> </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END BACKGROUND--> <!--BEGIN PHOTOS--> <div style="text-align: center; width: 570px;"> <a id='photos'></a> <div style="background-color: #000077; text-align: left; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <span class="reg4" style="color: #ffffff;">X-31 EFMD Photos</span> </div> <div class="reg1p5" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: center; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"><tr><td><img onclick="document.location='https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_1.jpg'" ondblclick="addtoFavs()" src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_1.jtb" style="cursor: pointer;border: 2px solid black;" alt="X-31 EFMD" title="X-31 EFMD" /></td><td><img onclick="document.location='https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_2.jpg'" ondblclick="addtoFavs()" src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_2.jtb" style="cursor: pointer;border: 2px solid black;" alt="X-31 EFMD" title="X-31 EFMD" /></td></tr><tr><td><img onclick="document.location='https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_3.jpg'" ondblclick="addtoFavs()" src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_3.jtb" style="cursor: pointer;border: 2px solid black;" alt="X-31 EFMD" title="X-31 EFMD" /></td><td><img onclick="document.location='https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_4.jpg'" ondblclick="addtoFavs()" src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/planes/lowres/x-31_4.jtb" style="cursor: pointer;border: 2px solid black;" alt="X-31 EFMD" title="X-31 EFMD" /></td></tr></table> </div> <div class="reg1" style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#top">^ Top ^</a> </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END PHOTOS--> <br /><hr /><br /> <a href="#top"><img src="/photos/top_of_page.jpg" class="imageLink" alt="Top Of Page" width="150" height="25" /></a> <br /><br /><br /> @JSCRIPT@ @JSCRIPT@ <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit" class="reg1" onclick="javascript:Start('http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)); return false;"> <img src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/icons/stumbleupon.gif" alt="Stumble This!" class="imageLink" /> Stumble This!</a> <a href="http://del.icio.us/post" class="reg1" onclick="javascript:Start('http://del.icio.us/post?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)); return false;"> <img src="https://cdn.globalaircraft.org/media/img/icons/delicious.gif" alt="Bookmark on Delicious" class="imageLink" /> Bookmark on Delicious!</a> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END ID level2Center--> <!--END CENTER BAR--> <!--XX11XX GROUP CLOSE--> </td></tr></table> <!--FOOTER--> <div class="footer"> <br /> <div class="footerLeft"> Copyright © 2000-2022, The Global Aircraft Organization</div> <div class="footerRight" style="width: 49%; float: right;">[<a href="//legal.globalaircraft.org/docs/legal_notices.htm" class="legalFooter">Legal Notices</a>] [<a href="//legal.globalaircraft.org/docs/privacy_policy.htm" class="legalFooter">Privacy Policy</a>] </div> <br /><br /> </div> <!--END FOOTER--> </div> <!--END godTable--> @JSCRIPT@ </body>
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